Take 1 minute to see effective polyester applications...

One quick "FYI" -- let me explain -- today's excerpts come from experts' references that our team found in our morning surf online. Hey, the information we found today will be of great interest to those who love posts has tons of info in our favorite scientific arenas.

We have even more -- let me be honest, my friends -- to share on our primary site. So if you'd love better detailed content, then take a peek here: check it out.

Perfect, we can now begin:

Yes, Roger Howard writing to you (indeed, I am the long-winded commercial fabrics guy), and prepared with interesting textiles content today for you-all!

1 1/2 inch seat belt webbing is what we've worked on all these years, so it may seem odd that I only found two topics of interest this afternoon: narrow material and web strapping.

As always, if you prefer to watch videos, that's no problem! I'm building a list of relevant videos that will give a bit more depth and insight to commercial fabric manufacturing processes, and plan to include those in my posts in the coming days.

I have to say that I prefer the written word (because I like to study this type of material line by line, and take notes on how I’ll add new options for our clients' real-world webbing applications!).

So let's dive in, okay, here is what I am eager to share today. This article provides great background and insight to the science behind 1 1/2 inch seat belt webbing:

It's just the way it is in the industrial strap commercial enterprise that business owners like us ought to network and build out our connections each and every week. I was at our neighborhood Chamber of Commerce conference last month and met an entrant recently relocated from the west coast. He's recently performed directly with industrial strap matters in the American Fiber Manufacturers Association, Inc. (AFMA).

I must confess -- to be sincere -- that I never knew about the American Fiber Manufacturers Association (humiliating, yes, I know). So it seemed like a perfect opportunity to share an overview with you all (on the outside chance that a few of you may be curious about the AFMA as was I).

Citation / Source: www.fibersource.com/afma/afma.htm
The Exclusive Source of Information on Manufactured Fibers

The American Fiber Manufacturers Association, Inc. (AFMA) is the trade association for U.S. companies that manufacture synthetic and cellulosic fibers. The industry employs 27 thousand people and produces over 6 billion pounds of fiber in the U.S. Annual domestic sales exceed $8 billion. The membership is limited to U.S. producers that sell manufactured fiber in the open market.

The Association maintains close ties to other manufactured fiber trade associations worldwide.

AFMA has been in continuous operation since 1933, when it was established as the Rayon Institute with headquarters in New York. As new fibers entered the market, the Association was renamed the Man-Made Fiber Producers Association. In 1970, operations were moved to Washington as the focus grew from promotion to include advocacy on a broad range of regulatory and international trade issues. The current name for the Association was adopted in 1988.

The Association's Board of Directors is made up of senior executives from each of AFMA's member companies. Most AFMA programs are managed through committees and task groups of policy and technical experts from the companies. Permanent standing committees include the Trade and Statistics Committee, and the Technical Committee. The Technical Committee has task groups dealing with: Product Stewardship, Regulatory Affairs, Technical Communications, Toxicology, Product Flammability, and International Technical Affairs.

AFMA's statistics division, the Fiber Economics Bureau (FEB), collects and publishes trade and production data on the manufactured fiber industry. The FiberSource site is maintained by FEB.

AFMA offices are located at 3033 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 700, Arlington, VA 22201. We can be reached by phone at 703-875-0432; by FAX at 703-875-0907; and by Email.

I'll wrap it up there, even though -- as you can see -- there are so many more topics we could dig into about this association. You're 100% welcome to visit their site and dig deeper. Feel free to read their library of truly interesting content.

Since strap webbing work is my professional life, I did a bit of a dig about on their website, and it made me remember a textbook that I loved from university days. So up I went into my attic storage, and pulled down all five cardboard crates full of notebooks, engineering posters, magazines, and books.

I specifically sought out this one because it came to mind while reading the previous site. This is fundamentation to our industrial webbing vertical market, and, to be honest, I've benefited a lot from networking with people in this AMPEF association, and recommend it highly.

Citations / Sources found on this domain www.ampef.com

When the world thinks of plastic films, it thinks of PET.

The global Association of Manufacturers of Polyester Film (AMPEF) welcomes you to our site. As a non-profit-making organization, our primary purpose is to inform and educate manufacturers, suppliers, end-users, and guests through our site about polyester (PET, PETF and BOPET) film and to encourage its use as a solution for a variety of markets throughout the world.

Within our pages, you will find general information on polyester packaging, specialty industrial, magnetic, metalized, and plastic and polymer-based applications, as well as details on our association's recycling and returnables programs. You will also find information on AMPEF's members and officers.

At AMPEF, our mission is to:

Promote the use of polyester film, while focusing on sustainable growth and environmental "greenness;"
Communicate and promote awareness about AMPEF and its activities;
Seek solutions to issues of general interest to all members, including health and safety and environmental topics;
Collate and disseminate overall industry statistics and other industry information, including industry news and developments; and
Improve communication within the industry, and its suppliers, customers, and consumers.

The object of the association, in the general interest and in all countries, is to:

Encourage the development, continuous improvement, and use of polyester film;
Study and understand the polyester film market;
Seek solutions to problems, particularly with respect to governmental standards and technical regulations;
Collect historical information and statistical data on polyester film; and
Maintain relationships with all similar organizations—public or private.

Polyester Film Applications

Packaging: Food packaging general uses, film for flexible pouches, peel-able seals, lids, snacks, barrier films, can laminations, and vacuum insulation panels

Industrial & Specialties: Hot stamping foil, release films, photo resist films, metallic yarns, adhesive tapes, plastic cards (including "smart" cards), labels, lamination films, brightness enhancement films (computer screens), solar/safety window films, medical test strips, and miscellaneous uses

Electrical: Motor wire and cable, transformer insulation films, capacitors, thermal printing tapes, membrane touch switches (computer and calculator keyboards), and flexible printed circuit films

Imaging: Microfilm, printing and pre-press films,color proofing, printing plates, drawing office drafting film, overhead transparencies, X-ray films, instant photos, business graphics, and wide format displays

Magnetics: Videotape, audio cassette tape, floppy disks, and advanced high-density computer storage media

Just one more, since this is a big one, and no commercial association overview would be complete with out it. This group is essential to our industrial webbing industry, and I know a lot of sales professionals who share leads through this association, so I highly recommend it.



Citation / Source www.plasticsindustry.org/aboutspi/?navItemNumber=1009

Founded in 1937, SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Association promotes growth in the $427 billion U.S. plastics industry. Representing nearly one million American workers in the third largest U.S. manufacturing industry, SPI delivers advocacy, market research, industry promotion, and the fostering of business relationships and zero waste strategies. SPI also owns and produces the international NPE trade show. All profits from NPE are reinvested into SPI’s industry services.

"From resin suppliers and equipment makers to processors and brand owners, SPI is proud to represent all facets of the U.S. plastics industry," said William R. Carteaux, president and CEO, SPI. "Our most recent economic reports show that the plastics industry as a whole is resilient, and has come through the recession significantly better than other U.S. manufacturing sectors."

The association is structured to meet the diverse needs of the entire plastics industry. As SPI prepares for the future, member engagement in formulating strategy, developing priorities and supplying expertise is critical to our success. From the Executive Board to our three sector Councils (Equipment, Material Suppliers and Processors) and the variety of product/policy committees and self-funded groups, there is a strong foundation already in place to build SPI's new business blueprint.

To see up to date news, visit the site to read articles like these:

Plastics Industry Applauds MTB Passage
May 20, 2016
The $427-billion U.S. plastics industry applauded President Barack Obama after he signed H.R. 4923, the American Manufacturing Competitiveness Act of 2016, into law Friday. The bill establishes a new Miscellaneous Tariff Bill process that America’s manufacturers can use to avoid having to pay tariffs on imported products of which there’s no suitable U.S.-based supplier.

American Progressive Bag Alliance to Submit Signatures to Qualify Environmental Fee Protection Act Initiative
May 19, 2016
The initiative would direct all money generated or collected under a state law that mandates consumer charges for carryout bags to an environmental fund, rather than to grocers’ profits.

SPI Welcomes First General Counsel, Kiran Mand
May 19, 2016
SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Association announced this week the appointment of Kiran Mand as its first-ever general counsel.

OSHA Issues Final Rule to “Improve Tracking of Workplace Injuries and Illnesses”
May 16, 2016
Effective January 1, 2017, certain employers will be required to electronically submit to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) the injury and illness records they are currently required to keep under existing OSHA regulations.

Fabulous info, am I right? Yes, of course! 1 1/2 inch seat belt webbing is what it's really all about, am I right? That's the one fabric we all have in common. To be direct, if you're not in our vertical market, then this entire article is likely something you'll need to just send to a different department, right?

Believe it or not, we have even more to share on our primary site. When you're ready for better details, click this little link: check it out.

One more time, one fast wrap-up note -- let me explain -- today's insights come from simple dialogs at a networking meeting. You can get the same results by taking the same actions. In fact, you can get solid business insights by making opportunities to talk with business professionals in your area today.

My passion for scouring the web for secrets and hidden bits posted by the world’s most clever people is nearly boundless (especially when my assistant and I get together and start talking about the history, science, and amazingly diverse applications of our product lines!).

We're looking forward to all you can share there.

Since my assistant and I have more articles in the queue nearly ready to share in the days to come, so stay tuned!

If I've not yet said it, "Cheers" my dear reader for following our blog and sending us your comments and insights on this info.

Once again, I very much appreciate this venue in which we can share exciting articles like this, and open our minds to the history of commercial fabrics like 2-inch webbing roll.

While we're here: Listen, for those who got a lot out of the content today, will you do me a kind favor and be honest as to how much it is in line with your interests?

If I may,be sure to note if you are open to do a guest post about polyester distributor or strap polyester. We'd appreciate it if you could better help explain these concepts with a few pictures of narrow seat belt webbing.

When was the last time you pondered the origins of the polyester molecule?

Salutations! To all my bestfollowers! As always, I'm your commercial fabrics guy, eager to drop a few lines about truly interesting textile process and procedure concepts.

Your colleague Roger Howard here writing clever insights for you -- yes, the prolific commercial fabrics guy) -- and ready to share amazin textiles data with you!

Correct my friend, I am your commercial fabrics guy, and I have yet another textiles historic insight to send your way. Are you new?? Great!! Hello! Roger Howard here, I'm your intrepid author, eager to get into all we've found today.

1 inch web material is what I know and love, so it may be a bit of a surprise to you that I only uncovered a few cool things of interest: material polyester and web distributor.

Just a quick note -- let me explain -- today's insights come from experts' posts that my assistant and I uncovered in today's careful examination of the "Interwebs".

Truth be told, the information we found today will be of great interest to those who love posts with lots of details in the world of commercial science.

Listen, would you rather see videos? No problem! I'm building a list of relevant videos that will give a bit more depth and insight to commercial fabric manufacturing processes, and plan to include those in my posts in the coming days.

To be clear, I prefer the written word (because I like to study this type of material line by line, and take notes on how I’ll add new options for our clients' real-world webbing applications!).

Let me be honest, my friends, we have even more to share on our branded site. When you're ready for better details, click this little link: link right here.

Without further delay, here is what I am eager to share today. This article provides great background and insight to the science behind two-inch seat belt webbing material:

Durability and strength of the material make it a sought after option for many businesses across the globe. Simple things, like the way the woven material can be preshrunk during the manufacturing process makes it a valuable asset to business that require a fabric with consistently non-shrinking properties.
Allergy sufferers love polyester fabric for its non-allergic properties. In fact, many people prefer the material for making quilts, pillows, bed sheets (among other uses) for this target audience that is willing to pay more to get the relief they need in hypoallergenic materials.


->> Original Content Body

Source: http://textilesblogs.blogspot.com

Recent Research Confirms All Of This: Exact Scientific Processes Make Important Differences with Polyester Polymerization.

Initial Fabrication

A catalyst is mixed with ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate at a temperature of 150-210 degrees centigrade. The resulting substance is then combined with terephthalic acid. It is allowed to boil at a temperature of 280 degrees centigrade where it forms polyester which is in liquid form. The liquid is allowed to pass through a machine that makes the filaments, tow, fiberfill or staple.

Drying

The liquid polyester ribbons are allowed to cool until hard enough. They are then cut into tiny pieces to ensure that no air was trapped in the filament during the manufacturing process.

Spinning

Melting of the chips is done at 260-270 degree centigrade, and the resulting solution passes through a spinneret which is metallic and has tiny holes. The holes are of various sizes and forms’ depending on what the company is looking to achieve. It is during this process that different chemicals are added for instance those that will make the final product non-flammable.

After the spinning process is complete, the fiber is allowed to dry. Specialized machines do the draw of fiber. The fibers are soft, and it is at this stage that texturing, twisting and other processes take place. The fiber is then packaged into a form that it will be easier to weave it into the desired material.

The manufacturing process of tow is quite different from that of filament manufacture.in that the spinneret machine has smaller holes. The tow fiber that is produced is stored in containers which are specifically for cooling. With technology advancements and the fact that polyester blends easily with natural materials like cotton, wool among others makes it the best choice for many fashion designers.

You are right that our team first posted this detailed history on our Blogspot account, so feel free to visit our site and read that real version from which this came.

More Than A Century Ago Polyester Came Into Our Lives

A strong woven fabric was needed by the industrial corporations at the turn of the century. The demand was loud and clear for a product based on a versatile component that could be reliably used in manufacturing and cargo transportation.

Today we know that most modern webbing is made of synthetic fibers such as polyester, but try to remember that is was not always that way. Cotton webbing and wool webbing used to be quite common. However, growing industries cried out for webbing that was both light and strong, with high breaking strengths suitable to all their needs.

Science and technology opened a door to a new molecule that clearly met all the needs of the market.

Polyester industry dates back in the 1920s when W.H. Carothers was contracted by the U.S. based company E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. to research large molecules and synthetic fibers. The research led to the discovery of nylon fabric. In the 1930s to early 1940s, Calico Printers Association and Co., a British owned company, further studied the work of W.H. Carothers and discovered ethylene, which paved the way to creation of polyester fibers.

E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. bought the rights to produce the fiber in the U.S.A. and renamed it Dacron. The company carried out extensive research and came up with different and diverse polyester fibers. The polyester industry has evolved over the years and has many varied uses. There are two types of polyester, namely PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PCDT (poly-1,4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate).

You Can Do Much More With This Molecule

->> Mylar

Many events rarely end without balloons, what many people do not know is that the balloons are made of polyester and aluminum foil.



The polyester industry has given rise to many companies all over the world that are of the substance.

->> Pet Bottles

Before the advent of polyester, bottles were made of glass, but the discovery of polyester gave rise to plastic bottles which are a cheaper version in comparison with the glass ones hence the popular use.

Raw Materials

Ethylene is a compound derived from petroleum and it is the key component used in the manufacture of polyester.

The process of making polyester is called polymerization; ethylene the ingredient derived from petroleum is used as the polymer.

This is How We Use Polyester Material

With such a versatile component and foundation, this polyester industry has rapidly evolved, and lead to various and diverse uses for polyester. The applications include the following (of which there are surely dozens more we could add if space permitted):

Garment manufacturers all over the world make use of polyester to make clothes, furnishings, sheets, seat belts, carpets among many other purposes. The blending of polyester with wool and cotton to make unique types of clothing material makes it the preferred choice to many in the garment industry.

Outlined below are some of the qualities that make polyester an ideal choice for cloth making.

A - Tenacious and Durable

Polyester industry manufactures materials that are ideal for rock climbing, sleeping bags, and other outdoor uses. The reason why polyester is perfect for the outdoors is because it is not only durable but it can withstand damp and wet conditions. There are those polyester manufacturing companies that coat the material with water-resistant finishes. As such, for those who love surfing during winter, they use polyester made gear.

B - Insulation Properties

The polyester industry has come up with innovative ways to insulate the polyester fiber during the manufacturing process. They carry out the process by ensuring that they create hollow fibers that keep air trapped inside so that when one wears polyester made clothing, they body temperature warms the polyester clothes and maintains the heat without losing it. Another way to insulate the polyester is through the use of crimped polyester during the filling process.

C - Does not Wrinkle

The polyester industry has grown by leaps and bounds because more people are looking for clothes that do not crease. Polyester is an ideal choice for many since it does not crease and when blended with other materials like wool and cotton, it forms some unique pieces of clothing. The material does not stain therefore many people prefer it for pants, skirts, shirts among many other uses.

Business-focused Concepts on the Ways It Is Made

There are four manufacturing processes involved in the manufacture of polyester namely; filament, staple, fiberfill and tow.


** Fiberfill

Pillows, quilts, and other fillings are manufactured using this process.

** Tow

Tow involves combining different filaments closely together.

** Staple

Staple manufacturing involves cutting of the strands into specific sizes. The process allows for blending with other materials like wool and cotton.

** Filament

During the production of filaments, the strand is made into one long continuous strand.

Let Us Wrap-up Here
The truth is that polyester continues to prove itself to be a light and strong synthetic fiber that continues to open new doors. Especially with the introduction of microfiber in the early 1990s (a polyester fabric that bears the striking resemblance to silk), the polyester industry has no signs of slowing down.

Amazing! Am I right? I love this historic article, although I may be biased, am I right?

To give a precise focus, second time around, I very much appreciate this venue in which we can share exciting articles like this, and open our minds to the history of commercial fabrics like 2-inch webbing roll.

Many thanks my dear reader for reading our posts and sharing your ideas and insights on these articles.

All those who would rather see this in MP4 format, share your thoughts too! If you find that videos add depth and insight to commercial fabric manufacturing processes, then tell us all about it!

Since my preference continues to be for the written word, I believe there will always be debate among us as to the best balance of content in these posts.

Stay tuned, because my assistant and I have more articles in the queue nearly ready to share in the days to come. Cheers!

Before you go: Listen, if you loved the information I shared here today, will you do me a kind favor and be honest as to how much it is in line with your interests?

Our love for online research and uncovering secrets and hidden bits posted by the world’s most clever people is nearly boundless (especially when my assistant and I get together and start talking about the history, science, and amazingly diverse applications of our product lines!).

Looking forward to all you can share there.

Wrapping up here, be sure to note if you are open to do a guest post about industrial strap or webbing manufacturer. We'd appreciate it if you could better help explain these concepts with a few pictures of two-inch seat belt webbing material.

Have you ever wondered how planning commissions take decisions?

Listen, just before we get into everything ... I must give you the overview of what we're covering in this segment this time.

The 3 stories detailed out below are from three different authors, who come from three very different perspectives, and no love is lost between these guys. When I say they do not get along is a serious understatement, okay?!

At long last, let's get into it!

My precious followers! 2-inch webbing roll is certainly on my brain, and at present I (Roger Howard, of course!) bring you yet one other very-nearly-brilliant article on material polyester my purpose being to serve you with a number of awesome reads and connect you with various terrific resources.

And you've probably never witnessed one such as this ... because while it comes to polyester, these author show up from very divergent backgrounds.

I'm describing more than solely ill-tempered debates. The dudes in this case are NOT buddies. In fact, you'll soon see exactly how their styles are driven by various business needs, and are written from wildly different business goals.

I tuned into this due to the fact that one of the authors was certainly my trainer back in the day when I first got out of university. So if quite possibly you have enthusiasm in political gossip and insider news, then connect with me on Linkedin and I'll share all the gory details.

Uh-huh, high stakes, high stress, profit concerns focused on industrial drive things like this:

Article #1: History Of Fibre Development
By Gaurav Doshi
Source: http://EzineArticles.com/expert/Gaurav_Doshi/56873

Different kinds of fibres are available now-a-days. These fibres are mainly divided into two categories natural and man made. They are also categorized by the generations as they were produced in the different years and known as first generation, second generation, third generation or fourth generation fibres.

The fibres generated first were the natural fibres. In this category cotton, wool, silk and all other animal and plant fibres are included. These fibres were introduced first 4000 years back but their uses were continued till 1940. All these fibres are known as first generation fibres. Very delicate handling is needed for these fibres. Fibres like silks and cottons have not good resistance against moths, wrinkles, wear and washings. So discovery of durable fibres was a greater need and about one century ago first synthesized fibres Rayon/Nylon were produced. These fibres are cheaper in comparison with natural ones. The development of these new fibres opened up fibre application to the various fields like medicine, aeronautics, home furnishing and modern apparels. Fibre engineers produced many new fibres by combining new synthetic fibres with the natural ones.

In the year 1664 the first attempt was done to make artificial fibre, but success was achieved after 200 years only. A Swiss chemist Audemars first patented artificial fibre in England in 1855. He produced that by dissolving the fibrous inner bark of the mulberry tree and produced cellulose by modifying it chemically. He made threads from the solution by dripping needle in the solution and then drawing them out. His attempt was good but he could not copy the silkworm. He had done experiments with the solution similar to Audemars solution.

French chemist Hilaire de Chardonnet was the first one to produce artificial silk commercially in the year 1889. Later on he was known as father of rayon industry because he was the first to produce rayon commercially on large scales.

All the attempts of producing artificial silk failed till the year 1900 but in the year 1910 Samuel Courtaulds and Co. Ltd, formed the American Viscose Company and did production of rayon.

Arthur D. Little of Boston made a film from acetate which is a cellulosic product in the year 1983 and in the year 1910 Henry Dreyfus and Camille made toilet articles and motion picture film from acetate in Switzerland. In the year 1924 Celanese Company made fibre from the acetate and it was the very first use of acetate in the textile industry. At that time the demand of rayon was high because it was available on the half of the price than raw silk to the textile manufacturers so U.S. rayon production flourished to meet those higher demands.

About Nylon

The miracle fibre called Nylon was invented in the September 1931 at the research laboratory of DuPont Company. They saw giant molecules of these polymers when they were working on Nylon '66' and Nylon '6'.

Nylon is completely synthetic fibre obtained from petrochemicals and is very different from Rayon and Acetate which are made up of cellulosic material of plants. The discovery of Nylon started a new era of manufactured fibres.

A change in life style

In the year 1939 commercial production of nylon was started by DuPont. In the very beginning on the experimental basis they used nylon in parachute fabric, in women's hosiery and in sewing thread. Nylon stockings were firstly visible to the public at the San Francisco Exposition in February 1939.

At the times of war, Asian silk was replaced by nylon in parachutes. The other uses of Nylon are in military supplies, ponchos, tyres, ropes, tents and in the high grade paper to make U.S. currency. At the time of war cotton was the most commonly used fibre and its uses were more then 80% than any other fibres. Another 20% is shared by wool and other manufactured fibres. August 1945 was the time of ending of war, at that time cotton shares 75% of the fibre market and rise of 15% was seen in the market of manufactured fibres.

One more thought while we have a second, Steve reminded me that we have even more to share on our other web pages. When you're ready for better details, click this little link: Webbing suppliers.

Check out more great details at our website!

Now -- jumping ahead to things related to my favorite topic (webbing manufacturer) -- check this out ->>

On a geek-scale of 1-10,
this is clearly an 11!

Strangely enough, only a few of you will love this as deeply as do I.
Suffice to say, this is at the deep end of the scientific pool.

Article #2: Polyurethanes History
By Waheed Hassan  
Source: http://EzineArticles.com/expert/Waheed_Hassan/103462

The pioneering work on polyurethane polymers was conducted by Otto Bayer and his coworkers in 1937 at the laboratories of I.G. Farben in Leverkusen, Germany. They recognized that using the polyaddition principle to produce polyurethanes from liquid diisocyanates and liquid polyether or polyester diols seemed to point to special opportunities, especially when compared to already existing plastics that were made by polymerizing olefins, or by polycondensation. The new monomer combination also circumvented existing patents obtained by Wallace Carothers on polyesters.Initially, work focused on the production of fibres and flexible foams. With development constrained by World War II (when PU's were applied on a limited scale as aircraft coating), it was not until 1952 that polyisocyanates became commercially available. Commercial production of flexible polyurethane foam began in 1954, based on toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and polyester polyols. The invention of these foams (initially called imitation swiss cheese by the inventors) was thanks to water accidentally introduced in the reaction mix.

These materials were also used to produce rigid foams, gum rubber, and elastomers. Linear fibres were produced from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). The first commercially available polyether polyol, poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol), was introduced by DuPont in 1956 by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran. Less expensive polyalkylene glycols were introduced by BASF and Dow Chemical the following year, 1957. These polyether polyols offered technical and commercial advantages such as low cost, ease of handling, and better hydrolytic stability; and quickly supplanted polyester polyols in the manufacture of polyurethane goods. Another early pioneer in PU's was the Mobay corporation. In 1960 more than 45,000 tons of flexible polyurethane foams were produced. As the decade progressed, the availability of chlorofluoroalkane blowing agents, inexpensive polyether polyols, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) heralded the development and use of polyurethane rigid foams as high performance insulation materials.Rigid foams based on polymeric MDI (PMDI) offered better thermal stability and combustion characteristics than those based on TDI. In 1967, urethane modified polyisocyanurate rigid foams were introduced, offering even better thermal stability and flammability resistance to low density insulation products.

Also during the 1960s, automotive interior safety components such as instrument and door panels were produced by back-filling thermoplastic skins with semi-rigid foam. In 1969, Bayer AG exhibited an all plastic car in Dusseldorf, Germany. Parts of this car were manufactured using a new process called RIM, Reaction Injection Molding. RIM technology uses high-pressure impingement of liquid components followed by the rapid flow of the reaction mixture into a mold cavity. Large parts, such as automotive fascia and body panels, can be molded in this manner. Polyurethane RIM evolved into a number of different products and processes. Using diamine chain extenders and trimerization technology gave poly(urethane urea), poly(urethane isocyanurate), and polyurea RIM. The addition of fillers, such as milled glass, mica, and processed mineral fibres gave arise to RRIM, reinforced RIM, which provided improvements in flexural modulus (stiffness) and thermal stability. This technology allowed production of the first plastic-body automobile in the United Sates, the Pontiac Fiero, in 1983. Further improvements in flexural modulus were obtained by incorporating preplaced glass mats into the RIM mold cavity, also known as SRIM, or structural RIM. Starting in the early 1980s, water-blown microcellular flexible foam was used to mold gaskets for panel and radial seal air filters in the automotive industry. Since then, increasing energy prices and the desire to eliminate PVC plastisol from automotive applications have greatly increased market share. Costlier raw materials are offset by a significant decrease in part weight and in some cases, the elimination of metal end caps and filter housings.

Highly filled polyurethane elastomers, and more recently unfilled polyurethane foams are now used in high-temperature oil filter applications. Polyurethane foam (including foam rubber) is often made by adding small amounts of volatile materials, so-called blowing agents, to the reaction mixture. These simple volatile chemicals yield important performance characteristics, primarily thermal insulation. In the early 1990s, because of their impact on ozone depletion, the Montreal Protocol led to the greatly reduced use of many chlorine-containing blowing agents, such as trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11). Other haloalkanes, such as the hydrochlorofluorocarbon 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), were used as interim replacements until their phase out under the IPPC directive on greenhouse gases in 1994 and by the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) directive of the EU in 1997 (See: Haloalkanes). By the late 1990s, the use of blowing agents such as carbon dioxide, pentane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) became more widespread in North America and the EU, although chlorinated blowing agents remained in use in many developing countries.

Building on existing polyurethane spray coating technology and polyetheramine chemistry, extensive development of two-component polyurea spray elastomers took place in the 1990s. Their fast reactivity and relative insensitivity to moisture make them useful coatings for large surface area projects, such as secondary containment, manhole and tunnel coatings, and tank liners. Excellent adhesion to concrete and steel is obtained with the proper primer and surface treatment. During the same period, new two-component polyurethane and hybrid polyurethane-polyurea elastomer technology was used to enter the marketplace of spray-in-place load bed liners. This technique for coating pickup truck beds and other cargo bays creates a durable, abrasion resistant composite with the metal substrate, and eliminates corrosion and brittleness associated with drop-in thermoplastic bed liners. The use of polyols derived from vegetable oils to make polyurethane products began garnishing attention beginning around 2004, partly due to the rising costs of petrochemical feedstocks and partially due to an enhanced public desire for environmentally friendly green products. One of the most vocal supporters of these polyurethanes made using natural oil polyols is the Ford Motor Company.

Article #3: Fabrics Used to Make Material in Today's Textile Industry - Silk
By Jeffrey Ware
Source: http://EzineArticles.com/expert/Jeffrey_Ware/146404

Choosing the fabric your clothing is made with is important. This choice can make the difference in the look, comfort, durability, or practicality of the purpose of the particular article of clothing. The choice of fabrics is never more important that the clothes you wear every day at work. Your work uniform must be comfortable yet durable. It must be stylish yet practical. The average person will spend more time wearing their uniform than any other article of clothing with maybe the exception of sleep clothing. The fabric your uniform is made from is important and with today's fabrics you have a wider choice than ever.

Every fabric used to manufacture clothing today has its own characteristics and uses. When choosing clothing as important as your uniform, it is important that you understand the characteristics of the different fabrics. This is the first in a series of articles where we will explore the different fabrics and manufacturing process of common fabrics.

We will discuss fabrics such as cotton, wool, nylon, polyester and many other natural and synthetic fabric materials. Information will be presented about the history, manufacturing methods, characteristics, and uses of the different fabrics. Information concerning the cares of fabrics will also be presented.

This is the second in my series of fabric characteristics (the first was about cotton) and again we will go way back to the beginning of another natural fabric, silk. Silk dates back as far as cotton as a material in which clothing and material were made from. Silk was a material that separated the common man from the elite population of early times. Evan today, silk material is commonly found used by the upper class of society.

History:

The exact history of silk is somewhat of a mystery. Historians say that silk production, called Sericulture, originated in China 10,000 years ago. However ancient Chinese legends contribute the origination of Sericulture to the Chinese empress Si Ling Chi who ruled in 2,600 BC.

The story goes that one day Empress Si Ling Chi was sitting under a Mulberry tree in her palace garden drinking some tea. A cocoon from a silkworm fell into her cup of hot tea. She watched as the silk fibers of the cocoon began to unravel in the hot liquid. She became recognized as the goddess of silk worms.

The production of silk slowly developed into manufacturing process in China by the 14th century. Silk production became a cornerstone of the Chinese economy where the silk was used for musical instruments, fishing lines and bowstrings. Silk was also used to pay the civil servants in China as a reward from the rulers. The Chinese also used ilk in foreign trade exchanging it for spices and jewels brought from India.

The Chinese kept the secret of silk production to themselves for more than two thousand years. It was so guarded that a penalty of death was placed on anyone found guilty of smuggling silkworm eggs, cocoons, or mulberry seeds out of the country. But buy the year of 200 BC the secret of silk had spread to Korea and then slowly throughout the rest of Asia and India.

It wasn't until the 13th century that silk production reached Italy when Persia sent 2000 skilled silk weavers. Those led to the production of silk throughout Europe. Even though silk production has spread worldwide, China is still the largest producer of the world's silk today.

Manufacturing process:

The manufacturing process of silk begins with the silkworm its natural ability to produce silk fiber and spin their cocoon with it. There are basically two types of silkworms. One is the silkworm that feeds on oak leaves and produce Tusha silk. The other, mulberry silk moth, produces the highest quality silk called Bombyx mori. This silkworm feeds on the leaves of the mulberry tree. The silkworms spin a cocoon that contains an average of 300-400 meters of silk fiber. It takes up to 5500 silkworms to produce 2lbs of raw silk fibers.

The production of the silkworm's cocoon to make silk filament is called sericulture. Sericulture is done under controlled conditions and environments on silk farms. The silk worms are raised from eggs and allowed to go through its entire life cycle. The optimal time for harvesting silk is at the cocoon stage.

The cocoons are harvested and sent to the factory called a filature. Here the cocoons are unwound into silk strands and collected on skeins. The operation consists of four separate operations:

o Sorting of Cocoons; Cocoons are sorted according to color, size, shape and texture.

o Softening; the sorted cocoons are immersed in a series of hot and cold solutions to soften the fibers to permit unwinding.

o Reeling the filament; consist of unwinding the cocoons and twisting the strands together to make a silk thread.

o Bailing; The silk thread is wrapped onto skeins and packed into small bundles called books. The books are put into bales and shipped to the silk mills where it is woven into material.
Characteristics:

Silk is a protein fiber which gives silk material its characteristics. Silk has a high tensile strength but won't stand up to heavy use or abrasions. Silk will become brittle when exposed to sunlight, high alkalinity, acid, or oily soils will breakdown silk fibers. The appearance of silk depends on the size of the silk yarn used to make the fabric. Large yarn may make the material appear more like cotton or a synthetic. Small well refined yarn will give the silk material the silky feel and look we expect.

Uses:

Silk is still today the primary material used to make our finest outerwear. Luxury clothing including fine silk suits and evening gowns are made of the finest silk material.

Other uses of silk material include:

o Women's and men's lingerie because of silk's softness and brilliant colours.


o Silk laces and tulles: Ideal for bridal gowns and veils
o Hosiery
o Scarves
o Ties
o Decorative articles such as bows and ribbons
o Furnishing and upholstery
o Insulation

Care:

For the most part silk garments should be dry cleaned to prevent damage of a breakdown of the fibers. Certain silks may be hand washed and line dried or tumble dried with low heat. Silk garments are also known as the wash and wear material because it is resistant to wrinkling.
Silk material is prone to moth attacks especially when in storage. Silk garments should be stored appropriately. They may be wrapped in a cotton fabric or other breathable fabric. Silk should not be stored in plastic or other sealed containers that can trap moister. This may lead to mildew and yellowing.

Chlorine bleach should never be used. This will cause the fabric to yellow and break down.
I sincerely hoped you enjoyed this article. Please look forward to my next article where we will discuss a synthetic fiber - polyester.

Hey wasn't that a spectacular read?

You're right, it was extremely geeky, I know! Still, I am sure you are as delighted about webbing straps as I was while I stumbled upon it. There are many more in the Pandora's Box of awesome subjects, from where this content related to 1.5 inch seat belt webbing entered and I am not going to lag behind in delivering more concerning this to you. Though I am on the look out for some additional interesting stuff in this genre, I would enjoy your feedback on this one. Tell me what you think about the story, the graphics and the film, and if it all was aligned with what you anticipated to discover in this discipline.

Before you go: listen, for those who got a lot out of the information I shared here today, could I recruit you for a few minutes... and be honest as to the extent this is aligned with your interests?

Either way, please watch this space my friends... because my assistant and I have more articles in the queue nearly ready to share in the days to come.

One last request, be sure to note if you can jump on a call with me to record an interview on industrial strap or strap webbing. I'd personally love your help in explaining these ideas with a few pictures of 1.5 inch seat belt webbing.

Cheers!

Are you curious about new uses of synthetic or polyester web?

Preface note first -- let me explain -- today's excerpts come from these really fun bits that we found in our morning surf online. As you will see, the information we found today will be of great interest to those who love posts has tons of info in our favorite scientific arenas.

We have even more -- outrageous as it may seem -- to share on our main site. So if you'd love better detailed content, then click this little link: Two-inch seat belt webbing.

Now onto our post:
Salutations my reader, Roger Howard here, your commercial fabrics guy. My team and I are ready to deliver to you a great industrial fabrics article with you.

Two-inch seat belt webbing material is what I'm all about, so it may be a bit of a surprise to you that I only found two topics of interest today: automotive webbing and web distributor.

As always, if you prefer to watch videos, that's no problem! I'm building a list of relevant videos that will give a bit more depth and insight to commercial fabric manufacturing processes, and plan to include those in my posts in the coming days.

I have to say that I prefer the written word (because I like to study this type of material line by line, and take notes on how I’ll add new options for our clients' real-world webbing applications!).

That's enough delay, right? So here is what I am eager to share today. This article provides great background and insight to the science behind narrow seat belt webbing:

It's just the way it is in the polyester manufacturing business sector that entreprenuers like us need to network and build out our relationships each and every week. I was at our local Chamber of Commerce conference last month and met a new member recently transferred from the west coast. He's recently worked directly with narrow material matters in the American Fiber Manufacturers Association, Inc. (AFMA).

I must admit -- to be sincere -- that I actually had not came across the American Fiber Manufacturers Association (humiliating, yes, I know). It seemed like a perfect opportunity to share an overview with you all (on the outside chance that a few of you may be curious about the AFMA as was I.

Citation / Source: www.fibersource.com/afma/afma.htm
The Exclusive Source of Information on Manufactured Fibers

The American Fiber Manufacturers Association, Inc. (AFMA) is the trade association for U.S. companies that manufacture synthetic and cellulosic fibers. The industry employs 27 thousand people and produces over 6 billion pounds of fiber in the U.S. Annual domestic sales exceed $8 billion. The membership is limited to U.S. producers that sell manufactured fiber in the open market.

The Association maintains close ties to other manufactured fiber trade associations worldwide.

AFMA has been in continuous operation since 1933, when it was established as the Rayon Institute with headquarters in New York. As new fibers entered the market, the Association was renamed the Man-Made Fiber Producers Association. In 1970, operations were moved to Washington as the focus grew from promotion to include advocacy on a broad range of regulatory and international trade issues. The current name for the Association was adopted in 1988.

The Association's Board of Directors is made up of senior executives from each of AFMA's member companies. Most AFMA programs are managed through committees and task groups of policy and technical experts from the companies. Permanent standing committees include the Trade and Statistics Committee, and the Technical Committee. The Technical Committee has task groups dealing with: Product Stewardship, Regulatory Affairs, Technical Communications, Toxicology, Product Flammability, and International Technical Affairs.

AFMA's statistics division, the Fiber Economics Bureau (FEB), collects and publishes trade and production data on the manufactured fiber industry. The FiberSource site is maintained by FEB.

AFMA offices are located at 3033 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 700, Arlington, VA 22201. We can be reached by phone at 703-875-0432; by FAX at 703-875-0907; and by Email.

I'll wrap it up there, even though -- as you can see -- there are so many more topics we could dig into about this association. You're 100% welcome to visit their site and dig deeper. Feel free to read their library of truly interesting content.

Since strap polyester work is my professional life, I did a bit of a dig about on their website, and it made me remember a textbook that I loved from university days. So up I went into my attic storage, and pulled down all five cardboard crates full of notebooks, engineering posters, magazines, and books.

I specifically sought out this one because it came to mind while reading the previous site. This is fundamentation to our industrial webbing vertical market, and, to be honest, I've benefited a lot from networking with people in this AMPEF association, and recommend it highly.

Citations / Sources found on this domain www.ampef.com

When the world thinks of plastic films, it thinks of PET.

The global Association of Manufacturers of Polyester Film (AMPEF) welcomes you to our site. As a non-profit-making organization, our primary purpose is to inform and educate manufacturers, suppliers, end-users, and guests through our site about polyester (PET, PETF and BOPET) film and to encourage its use as a solution for a variety of markets throughout the world.

Within our pages, you will find general information on polyester packaging, specialty industrial, magnetic, metalized, and plastic and polymer-based applications, as well as details on our association's recycling and returnables programs. You will also find information on AMPEF's members and officers.

At AMPEF, our mission is to:

Promote the use of polyester film, while focusing on sustainable growth and environmental "greenness;"
Communicate and promote awareness about AMPEF and its activities;
Seek solutions to issues of general interest to all members, including health and safety and environmental topics;
Collate and disseminate overall industry statistics and other industry information, including industry news and developments; and
Improve communication within the industry, and its suppliers, customers, and consumers.

The object of the association, in the general interest and in all countries, is to:



Encourage the development, continuous improvement, and use of polyester film;
Study and understand the polyester film market;
Seek solutions to problems, particularly with respect to governmental standards and technical regulations;
Collect historical information and statistical data on polyester film; and
Maintain relationships with all similar organizations—public or private.

Polyester Film Applications

Packaging: Food packaging general uses, film for flexible pouches, peel-able seals, lids, snacks, barrier films, can laminations, and vacuum insulation panels

Industrial & Specialties: Hot stamping foil, release films, photo resist films, metallic yarns, adhesive tapes, plastic cards (including "smart" cards), labels, lamination films, brightness enhancement films (computer screens), solar/safety window films, medical test strips, and miscellaneous uses

Electrical: Motor wire and cable, transformer insulation films, capacitors, thermal printing tapes, membrane touch switches (computer and calculator keyboards), and flexible printed circuit films

Imaging: Microfilm, printing and pre-press films,color proofing, printing plates, drawing office drafting film, overhead transparencies, X-ray films, instant photos, business graphics, and wide format displays

Magnetics: Videotape, audio cassette tape, floppy disks, and advanced high-density computer storage media

Just one more, since this is a big one, and no commercial association overview would be complete with out it. This group is essential to our industrial webbing industry, and I know a lot of sales professionals who share leads through this association, so I highly recommend it.

Citation / Source www.plasticsindustry.org/aboutspi/?navItemNumber=1009

Founded in 1937, SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Association promotes growth in the $427 billion U.S. plastics industry. Representing nearly one million American workers in the third largest U.S. manufacturing industry, SPI delivers advocacy, market research, industry promotion, and the fostering of business relationships and zero waste strategies. SPI also owns and produces the international NPE trade show. All profits from NPE are reinvested into SPI’s industry services.

"From resin suppliers and equipment makers to processors and brand owners, SPI is proud to represent all facets of the U.S. plastics industry," said William R. Carteaux, president and CEO, SPI. "Our most recent economic reports show that the plastics industry as a whole is resilient, and has come through the recession significantly better than other U.S. manufacturing sectors."

The association is structured to meet the diverse needs of the entire plastics industry. As SPI prepares for the future, member engagement in formulating strategy, developing priorities and supplying expertise is critical to our success. From the Executive Board to our three sector Councils (Equipment, Material Suppliers and Processors) and the variety of product/policy committees and self-funded groups, there is a strong foundation already in place to build SPI's new business blueprint.

To see up to date news, visit the site to read articles like these:

Plastics Industry Applauds MTB Passage
May 20, 2016
The $427-billion U.S. plastics industry applauded President Barack Obama after he signed H.R. 4923, the American Manufacturing Competitiveness Act of 2016, into law Friday. The bill establishes a new Miscellaneous Tariff Bill process that America’s manufacturers can use to avoid having to pay tariffs on imported products of which there’s no suitable U.S.-based supplier.

American Progressive Bag Alliance to Submit Signatures to Qualify Environmental Fee Protection Act Initiative
May 19, 2016
The initiative would direct all money generated or collected under a state law that mandates consumer charges for carryout bags to an environmental fund, rather than to grocers’ profits.

SPI Welcomes First General Counsel, Kiran Mand
May 19, 2016
SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Association announced this week the appointment of Kiran Mand as its first-ever general counsel.

OSHA Issues Final Rule to “Improve Tracking of Workplace Injuries and Illnesses”
May 16, 2016
Effective January 1, 2017, certain employers will be required to electronically submit to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) the injury and illness records they are currently required to keep under existing OSHA regulations.

Interesting info, am I right? Yes, of course! 1 inch web material is what it's really all about, am I right? That's the one fabric we all have in common. To be direct, if you're not in our vertical market, then this entire article is likely something you'll need to just send to a different department, right?

Believe it or not, we have even more to share on our branded site. When you're ready for better details, take a peek here: Two-inch seat belt webbing.

To be clear, before we finish this post -- if I may -- today's insights come from simple dialogs at a networking meeting. You can get the same results by taking the same actions. In fact, you can get solid business insights by making opportunities to talk with business professionals in your area today.

My passion for scouring the web for secrets posted by the world’s most clever people is nearly boundless (especially when my assistant and I get together and start talking about the history, science, and amazingly diverse applications of our product lines!).

We're looking forward to all you can share there.

Since my assistant and I have more articles in the queue nearly ready to share in the days to come, so watch this space my friends...

In case I've not yet said it, "Cheers" my dear reader for following our blog and sending us your comments and insights on these articles.

Once again, we always appreciate this venue in which we can share exciting articles like this, and open our minds to the history of commercial fabrics like 2-inch webbing roll.

*Hey* Listen, if you loved the content today, will you do me a kind favor and be honest as to how much it is in line with your interests?

To be bold, be sure to note if you are open to do a guest post about material polyester or supplier webbing. We'd appreciate it if you could better help explain these concepts with a few pictures of narrow fabric seat belt web.

Did you know our humble polyester molecule dates back nearly 100 years??

Hi! To all our followers! As always, I'm your commercial fabrics guy, eager to drop a few lines about truly interesting textile process and procedure concepts.

Your compatriot Roger Howard here writing clever insights for you -- indeed, I am the prolific commercial fabrics guy) -- and ready to share amazin textiles data with you!

Correct my friend, this is your commercial fabrics guy, and I have yet another textiles historic insight to send your way. Are you new?? Great!! Hello! Roger Howard here, I'm your intrepid author, eager to get into all we've found today.

1.5 inch seat belt webbing is what we've worked on all these years, so it may seem odd that I only found two topics of interest today: material polyester and strap polyester.

Before I go too far -- let me explain -- today's insights come from experts' posts that my assistant and I uncovered in today's careful examination of the "Interwebs".

Truth be told, the information we found today will be of great interest to those who love posts with lots of details in the world of commercial science.



Listen, would you rather see videos? No problem! I'm building a list of relevant videos that will give a bit more depth and insight to commercial fabric manufacturing processes, and plan to include those in my posts in the coming days.

To be clear, I prefer the written word (because I like to study this type of material line by line, and take notes on how I’ll add new options for our clients' real-world webbing applications!).

Let me be honest, my friends, we have even more to share on our primary site. When you're ready for better details, take a peek here: 1.5 inch seat belt webbing.

Without further delay, here is what I am eager to share today. This article provides great background and insight to the science behind 1 inch web material:

Durability and strength of the material make it a sought after option for many businesses across the globe. Simple things, like the way the woven material can be preshrunk during the manufacturing process makes it a valuable asset to business that require a fabric with consistently non-shrinking properties.
Allergy sufferers love polyester fabric for its non-allergic properties. In fact, many people prefer the material for making quilts, pillows, bed sheets (among other uses) for this target audience that is willing to pay more to get the relief they need in hypoallergenic materials.


Source: http://textilesblogs.blogspot.com/ /2016/05/whats-most-effective-way-to-make.html

Recent Research Confirms All Of This: It's No Secret That... Manufacturing Processes Are Critical for Polyester Polymerization.
Initial Fabrication

A catalyst is mixed with ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate at a temperature of 150-210 degrees centigrade. The resulting substance is then combined with terephthalic acid. It is allowed to boil at a temperature of 280 degrees centigrade where it forms polyester which is in liquid form. The liquid is allowed to pass through a machine that makes the filaments, tow, fiberfill or staple.

Drying

The liquid polyester ribbons are allowed to cool until hard enough. They are then cut into tiny pieces to ensure that no air was trapped in the filament during the manufacturing process.

Spinning

Melting of the chips is done at 260-270 degree centigrade, and the resulting solution passes through a spinneret which is metallic and has tiny holes. The holes are of various sizes and forms’ depending on what the company is looking to achieve. It is during this process that different chemicals are added for instance those that will make the final product non-flammable.

After the spinning process is complete, the fiber is allowed to dry. Specialized machines do the draw of fiber. The fibers are soft, and it is at this stage that texturing, twisting and other processes take place. The fiber is then packaged into a form that it will be easier to weave it into the desired material.

The manufacturing process of tow is quite different from that of filament manufacture.in that the spinneret machine has smaller holes. The tow fiber that is produced is stored in containers which are specifically for cooling. With technology advancements and the fact that polyester blends easily with natural materials like cotton, wool among others makes it the best choice for many fashion designers.

Correct my friends, our team first shared this detailed history on our Blogspot account, so feel free to visit our site and read that real version from which this came.

Polyester Historical Notes

A strong woven fabric was needed by the industrial corporations at the turn of the century. The demand was loud and clear for a product based on a versatile component that could be reliably used in manufacturing and cargo transportation.

Today we know that most modern webbing is made of synthetic fibers such as polyester, but try to remember that is was not always that way. Cotton webbing and wool webbing used to be quite common. However, growing industries cried out for webbing that was both light and strong, with high breaking strengths suitable to all their needs.

Science and technology opened a door to a new molecule that clearly met all the needs of the market.

Polyester industry dates back in the 1920s when W.H. Carothers was contracted by the U.S. based company E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. to research large molecules and synthetic fibers. The research led to the discovery of nylon fabric. In the 1930s to early 1940s, Calico Printers Association and Co., a British owned company, further studied the work of W.H. Carothers and discovered ethylene, which paved the way to creation of polyester fibers.

E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. bought the rights to produce the fiber in the U.S.A. and renamed it Dacron. The company carried out extensive research and came up with different and diverse polyester fibers. The polyester industry has evolved over the years and has many varied uses. There are two types of polyester, namely PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PCDT (poly-1,4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate).

There So Many Ways To Benefit From Polyester

->> Mylar

Many events rarely end without balloons, what many people do not know is that the balloons are made of polyester and aluminum foil.

The polyester industry has given rise to many companies all over the world that are of the substance.

->> Pet Bottles

Before the advent of polyester, bottles were made of glass, but the discovery of polyester gave rise to plastic bottles which are a cheaper version in comparison with the glass ones hence the popular use.

What Does Ethylene Have To Do With Polyester?

Ethylene is a compound derived from petroleum and it is the key component used in the manufacture of polyester.

The process of making polyester is called polymerization; ethylene the ingredient derived from petroleum is used as the polymer.

We'll Put Polyester into Action

With such a versatile component and foundation, this polyester industry has rapidly evolved, and lead to various and diverse uses for polyester. The applications include the following (of which there are surely dozens more we could add if space permitted):

Garment manufacturers all over the world make use of polyester to make clothes, furnishings, sheets, seat belts, carpets among many other purposes. The blending of polyester with wool and cotton to make unique types of clothing material makes it the preferred choice to many in the garment industry.

Outlined below are some of the qualities that make polyester an ideal choice for cloth making.

A - Tenacious and Durable

Polyester industry manufactures materials that are ideal for rock climbing, sleeping bags, and other outdoor uses. The reason why polyester is perfect for the outdoors is because it is not only durable but it can withstand damp and wet conditions. There are those polyester manufacturing companies that coat the material with water-resistant finishes. As such, for those who love surfing during winter, they use polyester made gear.

B - Insulation Properties

The polyester industry has come up with innovative ways to insulate the polyester fiber during the manufacturing process. They carry out the process by ensuring that they create hollow fibers that keep air trapped inside so that when one wears polyester made clothing, they body temperature warms the polyester clothes and maintains the heat without losing it. Another way to insulate the polyester is through the use of crimped polyester during the filling process.

C - Does not Wrinkle

The polyester industry has grown by leaps and bounds because more people are looking for clothes that do not crease. Polyester is an ideal choice for many since it does not crease and when blended with other materials like wool and cotton, it forms some unique pieces of clothing. The material does not stain therefore many people prefer it for pants, skirts, shirts among many other uses.

Questions About The Basic Manufacturing Steps...

There are four manufacturing processes involved in the manufacture of polyester namely; filament, staple, fiberfill and tow.


** Fiberfill

Pillows, quilts, and other fillings are manufactured using this process.

** Tow

Tow involves combining different filaments closely together.

** Staple

Staple manufacturing involves cutting of the strands into specific sizes. The process allows for blending with other materials like wool and cotton.

** Filament

During the production of filaments, the strand is made into one long continuous strand.

Summary
The truth is that polyester continues to prove itself to be a light and strong synthetic fiber that continues to open new doors. Especially with the introduction of microfiber in the early 1990s (a polyester fabric that bears the striking resemblance to silk), the polyester industry has no signs of slowing down.

Fabulous! Am I right? I love this historic article, although I may be biased, am I right?

To give a precise focus, once again, I very much appreciate this venue in which we can share exciting articles like this, and open our minds to the history of commercial fabrics like seat belt webbing 2 inch or 1.5 inch seat belt webbing.

Cheers my dear reader for reading our posts and sharing your ideas and insights on this info.

All those who would rather see this in MP4 format, share your thoughts too! If you find that videos add depth and insight to commercial fabric manufacturing processes, then tell us all about it!

Since my preference continues to be for the written word, I believe there will always be debate among us as to the best balance of content in these posts.

Watch this space my friends... because my assistant and I have more articles in the queue nearly ready to share in the days to come. Cheers!

*Also* Listen, if you loved the content today, will you do me a kind favor and be honest as to how much it is in line with your interests?

My passion for scouring the web for secrets posted by the world’s most clever people is nearly boundless (especially when my assistant and I get together and start talking about the history, science, and amazingly diverse applications of our product lines!).

Looking forward to all you can share there.

One last request, if I may, be sure to note if you are open to do a guest post about poly web material or seatbelt webbing. We'd appreciate it if you could better help explain these concepts with a few pictures of 1.5 inch seat belt webbing.

When politicians fight people tune-in

Darling readers!2-inch webbing roll is actually on my mind, and right now I (Roger Howard, of course!) bring you yet another very-nearly-brilliant post on narrow material my aim being to serve you with various awesome reads and connect you with some great resources.

* BUT * before we get into all that ... I have a hot political segment to publish!

And you've in all probability * never * come across one such as this ... because when politicians fight people tune-in. I'm describing more than just furious words. The dudes in this circumstance are buddies; you'll see exactly how they had a go toe-to-toe in this brawl ...

I tuned into this because one of the two was my director back in the day when I first got out of college. So if perhaps you have enthusiasm in political malicious talk and insider news, then read on.

Yep, high stakes, high tension, legislative concerns concentrated on commercial cargo ships:

"How the Harbor District Found Itself in the Middle of Humboldt’s Most Bitter Political Fight "
Author: Ryan Burns
Source: https://lostcoastoutpost.com/2016/apr/29/how-harbor-district-found-itself-center-countys-mo/

Last week, two elected officials got into a face-to-face, toe-to-toe, “let’s take this outside”-style argument during a break in a Planning Commission meeting. This wasn’t a personal beef (the men each told the Outpost afterward that they consider each other friends). Nor was it about a property dispute that affects either man directly.

No, the spat boiled over from a long-simmering political dispute over management of Humboldt Bay. Former Planning Commissioner Dennis Mayo and current Harbor Commissioner Richard Marks (the officials in last week’s quarrel) stand on separate sides of a philosophical and tactical divide that has gradually expanded to define Humboldt County’s most bitter political struggle — whether we should wait for big, blue-collar industries to arrive on our shores via sea and rail, or start allowing other businesses to use that land.

With a 5-1 vote the Planning Commission sided with the Mayo contingent, which envisions Humboldt Bay as a major industrialized seaport offering international shipping and a rebuilt (or freshly built) railroad connecting our county to the national rail network.

Marks and his fellow Harbor Commissioners, meanwhile, are pursuing a more economically diversified approach. At last week’s meeting, Division 5 Commissioner Patrick Higgins told the Planning Commission that the Harbor District almost went broke trying to market our harbor to industrial shipping interests. The time has come, he said, to loosen zoning restrictions on the vacant and deteriorating land surrounding the bay so other types of businesses can move in.

The ultimate decision on this matter lies with the Humboldt County Board of Supervisors, which will have to decide which side of that political chasm to stand on. And while their decision might not dictate the future of Humboldt Bay, it could have significant impacts on property owners and infrastructure around the harbor.


Yes indeed, there is much more where that came from.

Now -- jumping ahead to things related to my favorite topic (web distributor) -- check this out ->>

In our nerd rating range of 1-10,
this is clearly an 11!

Strangely enough, only a few of you will love this as deeply as do I.
None the less, suffice to say, this is at the deep end of the scientific pool.

Truth be told, the scientists featured here are personal friends of our company in general, and me in particular. By all means, take a few minutes to read through these and let us know if your business works in a realm that can leverage this approach.

Modifying the UV Blocking Effect of Polyester Fabric
Source: http://trj.sagepub.com/content/74/6/469.short

Marija Gorenšek
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, University of Ljubljana, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia



Franci Sluga
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, University of Ljubljana, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia


Abstract

The influence of conventional acid and alkaline high temperature dyeing procedures on fabric construction is investigated. The effects of weave construction, orange, red, and blue disperse dyes, double layers of fabrics, and UV absorber on the ultraviolet protection factors (UPF) of polyester fabrics are the topics of this research. A spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere is used to measure the uv transmittance of polyester fabrics according to an AATCC test. Small differences in the weight of fabrics after blind dyeing procedures already influence the uv transmittance of fabrics. Pale orange and blue dyed fabrics show a high enough UPF, while a pale red dyed fabric does not reach such values. Deep dyed and double layered fabrics and fabrics aftertreated with a UV absorber reach high UPF values.

. . .

"Influence of reactive dyes on ultraviolet protection of cotton knitted fabrics with different fabric constructions "
Source: http://trj.sagepub.com/content/86/5/512.abstract



Wai-yin Wong, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Jimmy Kwok-cheong Lam, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Chi-wai Kan, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Ron Postle, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Australia

Dr Chi-wai Kan, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Email: tccwk [at] polyu.edu.hk

Abstract
Influence of reactive dyes on ultraviolet protection of cotton knitted fabrics with different fabric constructions Wai-yin Wong1 Jimmy Kwok-cheong Lam1 Chi-wai Kan1⇑ Ron Postle2 1Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 2School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Australia Dr Chi-wai Kan, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Email: tccwk [at] polyu.edu.hk Abstract The influence of coloration on ultraviolet (UV) protection of cotton knitted fabrics with different knit structures incorporated with the three major stitch types, namely knit, tuck and miss stitches, are studied in four approaches.

The effects of color depth and knit structures on the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of fabrics are investigated. The influences of hue and color depth on the UPF of fabrics are also compared. Since UV protection offered by dyes mainly depends on their chemical structures, the UPF and color strength of fabrics colored by reactive dyes that varied in reactive groups, such as mono-functional and bi-functional reactive dyes, are examined. The correlations between UPF and the CIELAB color coordinates, color strength (K/Ssum), are analyzed. The results show that light-colored fabrics with compact structures achieve similar or even better UV protection than the dark-colored fabrics with loose structures.

This implies that color property might not be a reliable indicator for UV protection of knitted fabrics and the effect of coloration on UV protection is affected by fabric construction. The results also denote that the chemical structure of reactive dyes affects the UV protection of fabrics in a qualitative approach that depends on the unique ultraviolet radiation blocking ability of the chemical constituents. Among the color coordinates investigated, only lightness (L*) and K/Ssum are found to be correlated with the UPF of the fabrics, but the strength of correlations is not very strong. This is because the fabric characteristics that have significant impacts of UV protection are mostly not involved in the measurement of color properties. "

"Enhancing disperse printing and ultraviolet protecting of polyester-containing fabrics via pretreatment with chitosan/polyethylene glycol/dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea"
Source: http://jit.sagepub.com/content/42/3/269.abstract

NA Ibrahim 1
EMR El-Zairy 2
MR El-Zairy 2
HM Khalil 2

1 Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
2 Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing Division, Faculty of Applied Arts, Giza, Egypt

NA Ibrahim, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Email: nabibrahim [at] hotmail [dot] com


Abstract

Pretreatment of polyester-containing fabrics with chitosan, polyethylene glycol along with N-methylol crosslinking agent (Arkofix® NDW, DMDHEU) in the presence of MgCl2.

6H2O/citric acid as a mixed catalyst was carried out for enhancing their printability with disperse dyes as well as upgrading their ultraviolet-protecting properties.

The results showed that the changes in the depth of the obtained prints are governed by the type of substrate, chitosan concentration and steaming conditions.

On the other hand, incorporation of polyethylene glycol in the pretreatment bath results in a remarkable improvement in the depth of the post-printed fabric samples.

Scanning electron microscope images showed the presence of chitosan-based deposits firmly attached to the surface of the pretreated fabric samples.

The mechanism of surface modification via loading of chitosan with its amino groups along with polyethylene glycol moieties onto and/or into the finish/fabric matrix was proposed.

Superbly geeky, I know! Still, wasn't that a spectacular read? I am sure you are as inspired about seatbelt webbing (2-inch webbing roll) as I was while I stumbled upon it. There are various other in the Pandora's Box of mind-blowing matters, from where this content related to 2-inch webbing roll arrived and I am not going to hang back in introducing more of this to you. Although I am on the look out for some additional interesting stuff in this genre, I would cherish your feedback on this one. Tell me what you think about the story, the images and the film, and if it all was aligned with what you expected to uncover in this subject field.

Stay tuned, since there's so much more in the queue nearly ready to share for next week!

Wrapping up here, if I may, be sure to note if you can jump on a call with me to record an interview on cargo webbing or strap polyester. I'd personally love your help in explaining these ideas with a few pictures of narrow fabric seat belt web.

PS - Listen, for those who got a lot out of the information I shared here today, will you help me please and be honest as to whether this really helped you?

Cheers!

Who could say no to a quick peek at some amzing polyester info?

A shout out to all my beloved readers and fans of 1.5 inch seat belt webbing - Read more!

I, Roger Howard, have come with yet one other unusual write up that is going to leave you eagerly watching for more (if I may say so myself). While I spent most of my time this week dealing with our Industrial Shipping Demonstration 2016 webbing material exhibit, my extra hours after that were all invested in delving deep within the enigma and exhilaration of what is trending in the polyester manufacturer and webbing company categories. Incidentally, we're still collecting any and all pictures, videos, and technical designs (especially trucking tarps and cargo net webbing). Really eager to build a gallery that will leave our disciples spell bound and merrily clicking thru our gallery.

Oh, and if you have captivating tall tales and effective applications of narrow seat belt webbing, of course send me an email so we can talk about it.

Undoubtedly I could talk for hours on all these matters, but let's buckle up and get into the legitimate set of issues, okay? You are going to love this current post (just a little bawdy, but that's my style).

It's a fait accompli in the poly web material business sector that entreprenuers like us need to network and build out our relationships each and every week. I was at our territorial Chamber of Commerce meeting two days ago and met a new member recently relocated from Washington, DC. He's performed closely with poly web material matters in the Fiber Economics Bureau (FEB) for many years.

To be truthful, I must confess that I certainly never was aware of the Fiber Economics Bureau (humiliating, yes, I know). It seemed like a perfect opportunity to share an overview with you all (on the outside chance that a few of you may be curious about the "FEB" as was I :-).

Citation / Source: http://www.fibersource.com/feb/feb1.htm
The Exclusive Source of Information on Manufactured Fibers

Since 1935, the Fiber Economics Bureau (FEB) has been the ONLY source of direct statistics on the United States manufactured fiber industry and its products — acrylic, nylon, polyester, olefin, rayon, glass fiber, and others. Our long-established contacts with fiber producers and our confidential handling of proprietary data has earned us respect and cooperation from manufactured fiber producers around the world.

Our two monthly publications, the Fiber Organon and the Manufactured Fiber Review, present the latest information on industry trends in easy-to-read tables and charts. This data on production, shipments, capacities, stocks, imports-exports, mill use and other key industry statistics is made available 15 to 30 days after the close of each month.

Our premier data service is the Manufactured Fiber Handbook. It is distributed in page-by-page updates in a loose-leaf binder format designed for those who need the most timely, comprehensive, and in-depth data on the industry. The service includes details on primary and secondary end use shipments. Special data compilations are available for subscribers covering years prior to the start of new subscriptions.

Our annual World Directory of Manufactured Fiber Producers is the only directory with global coverage. It contains over 1,500 fiber producer listings in 72 countries. For each producer we provide details on addresses, telephone/fax numbers, plant locations, products produced, and trade names.

As you can imagine, there are VOLUMES more that could be shared about the FEB, but I'll cease fire there. You're 100% welcome to visit their site and dig deeper, becuase they have a huge library of truly fabulous info.

Since seatbelt webbing work is my professional life, I did a bit of a dig about on their website, and it made me remember a textbook that I loved from university days. So up I went into my attic storage, and pulled down all five cardboard crates full of notebooks, engineering posters, magazines, and books.

1.5 inch seat belt webbing - Read more

Watch this space my friends... because my assistant and I have more articles in the queue nearly ready to share in the days to come. Cheers!

What's the most effective way to make polyester? Check it out...

Amazingly, you guessed it, this is your commercial fabrics guy, and I have yet another compelling textiles post to lay on you. For those who're new: Hello! Roger Howard here, I'm your intrepid author, eager to get into all we've found today.

Narrow fabric seat belt web is what we've worked on all these years, so it may be a bit of a surprise to you that I only uncovered a few cool things of interest this afternoon: industrial strap and web strapping.

Before I go too far -- let me explain -- today's insights come from experts' posts that my assistant and I uncovered in our morning surf of the web. In fact, the information we found today will be of great interest to those who love posts with lots of details in the scientific arena.

Believe it or not, we have even more to share on our branded site. When you're ready for better details, take a peek here: more info.

Hey, do you prefer to watch videos? No problem! I'm building a list of relevant videos that will give a bit more depth and insight to commercial fabric manufacturing processes, and plan to include those in my posts in the coming days.

To be honest, I prefer the written word (because I like to study this type of material line by line, and take notes on how I’ll add new options for our clients' real-world webbing applications!) - more info.

Without further delay, here is what I am eager to share today. This article provides great background and insight to the science behind narrow seat belt webbing:
https://www.igotbiz.com/rosemontbelt

Correct indeed, I originally shared this detailed history on our Blogspot account, so feel free to visit our site and read the original info.

Polyester material creation overview

A strong woven fabric was needed by the industrial corporations at the turn of the century. The demand was loud and clear for a product based on a versatile component that could be reliably used in manufacturing and cargo transportation.

Today we know that most modern webbing is made of synthetic fibers such as polyester, but try to remember that is was not always that way. Cotton webbing and wool webbing used to be quite common. However, growing industries cried out for webbing that was both light and strong, with high breaking strengths suitable to all their needs.

Science and technology opened a door to a new molecule that clearly met all the needs of the market.

Polyester industry dates back in the 1920s when W.H. Carothers was contracted by the U.S. based company E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. to research large molecules and synthetic fibers. The research led to the discovery of nylon fabric. In the 1930s to early 1940s, Calico Printers Association and Co., a British owned company, further studied the work of W.H. Carothers and discovered ethylene, which paved the way to creation of polyester fibers.

E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. bought the rights to produce the fiber in the U.S.A. and renamed it Dacron. The company carried out extensive research and came up with different and diverse polyester fibers. The polyester industry has evolved over the years and has many varied uses. There are two types of polyester, namely PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PCDT (poly-1,4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate).

Here Are The Ways Polyester Is Put Into Use:

With such a versatile component and foundation, this polyester industry has rapidly evolved, and lead to various and diverse uses for polyester. The applications include the following (of which there are surely dozens more we could add if space permitted):




Garment manufacturers all over the world make use of polyester to make clothes, furnishings, sheets, seat belts, carpets among many other purposes. The blending of polyester with wool and cotton to make unique types of clothing material makes it the preferred choice to many in the garment industry.

Outlined below are some of the qualities that make polyester an ideal choice for cloth making.

1. Tenacious and Durable
Polyester industry manufactures materials that are ideal for rock climbing, sleeping bags, and other outdoor uses. The reason why polyester is perfect for the outdoors is because it is not only durable but it can withstand damp and wet conditions. There are those polyester manufacturing companies that coat the material with water-resistant finishes. As such, for those who love surfing during winter, they use polyester made gear.

2. Insulation Properties
The polyester industry has come up with innovative ways to insulate the polyester fiber during the manufacturing process. They carry out the process by ensuring that they create hollow fibers that keep air trapped inside so that when one wears polyester made clothing, they body temperature warms the polyester clothes and maintains the heat without losing it. Another way to insulate the polyester is through the use of crimped polyester during the filling process.

3. Does not Wrinkle
The polyester industry has grown by leaps and bounds because more people are looking for clothes that do not crease. Polyester is an ideal choice for many since it does not crease and when blended with other materials like wool and cotton, it forms some unique pieces of clothing. The material does not stain therefore many people prefer it for pants, skirts, shirts among many other uses.

So Many Ways To Benefit From Polyester

1. Pet Bottles
Before the advent of polyester, bottles were made of glass, but the discovery of polyester gave rise to plastic bottles which are a cheaper version in comparison with the glass ones hence the popular use.

2. Mylar
Many events rarely end without balloons, what many people do not know is that the balloons are made of polyester and aluminum foil.

The polyester industry has given rise to many companies all over the world that are of the substance.

Key Components In This Material
Ethylene is a compound derived from petroleum and it is the key component used in the manufacture of polyester.

The process of making polyester is called polymerization; ethylene the ingredient derived from petroleum is used as the polymer.


Manufacturing Process

There are four manufacturing processes involved in the manufacture of polyester namely; filament, staple, fiberfill and tow.

1. Filament
During the production of filaments, the strand is made into one long continuous strand.

2. Staple
Staple manufacturing involves cutting of the strands into specific sizes. The process allows for blending with other materials like wool and cotton.

3. Tow
Tow involves combining different filaments closely together.

4. Fiberfill
Pillows, quilts, and other fillings are manufactured using this process.

What Is Involved In Making Each Product?

Polymerization
A catalyst is mixed with ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate at a temperature of 150-210 degrees centigrade. The resulting substance is then combined with terephthalic acid. It is allowed to boil at a temperature of 280 degrees centigrade where it forms polyester which is in liquid form. The liquid is allowed to pass through a machine that makes the filaments, tow, fiberfill or staple.

Drying
The liquid polyester ribbons are allowed to cool until hard enough. They are then cut into tiny pieces to ensure that no air was trapped in the filament during the manufacturing process.

Spinning
Melting of the chips is done at 260-270 degree centigrade, and the resulting solution passes through a spinneret which is metallic and has tiny holes. The holes are of various sizes and forms’ depending on what the company is looking to achieve. It is during this process that different chemicals are added for instance those that will make the final product non-flammable.

After the spinning process is complete, the fiber is allowed to dry. Specialized machines do the draw of fiber. The fibers are soft, and it is at this stage that texturing, twisting and other processes take place. The fiber is then packaged into a form that it will be easier to weave it into the desired material.

The manufacturing process of tow is quite different from that of filament manufacture.in that the spinneret machine has smaller holes. The tow fiber that is produced is stored in containers which are specifically for cooling. With technology advancements and the fact that polyester blends easily with natural materials like cotton, wool among others makes it the best choice for many fashion designers.

Are There More Ethylene Products On The Way?
The truth is that polyester continues to prove itself to be a light and strong synthetic fiber that continues to open new doors. Especially with the introduction of microfiber in the early 1990s (a polyester fabric that bears the striking resemblance to silk), the polyester industry has no signs of slowing down.

Durability and strength of the material make it a sought after option for many businesses across the globe. Simple things, like the way the woven material can be preshrunk during the manufacturing process makes it a valuable asset to business that require a fabric with consistently non-shrinking properties.
Allergy sufferers love polyester fabric for its non-allergic properties. In fact, many people prefer the material for making quilts, pillows, bed sheets (among other uses) for this target audience that is willing to pay more to get the relief they need in hypoallergenic materials.

[applause!]

Amazing overview, am I right?

Cheers my dear reader for following our blog and sending us your comments and insights on these articles.

Once again, I very much appreciate this venue in which we can share exciting articles like this, and open our minds to the history of commercial fabrics like two-inch seat belt webbing material.
Our love for online research and uncovering secrets posted by the world’s most clever people is nearly boundless (especially when my assistant and I get together and start talking about the history, science, and amazingly diverse applications of our product lines!).

Looking forward to all you can share there.

For our video-loving-readers, share your thoughts too! If you find that videos add depth and insight to commercial fabric manufacturing processes, then tell us all about it!
Since my preference continues to be for the written word, I believe there will always be debate among us as to the best balance of content in these posts.

Stay tuned, because my assistant and I have more articles in the queue nearly ready to share in the days to come. Cheers!
*Also* Listen, if you loved the content today, will you do me a kind favor and be honest as to how much it is in line with your interests?

One last request, if I may, be sure to note if you are open to do a guest post about polyester manufacturer or strap polyester. We'd appreciate it if you could better help explain these concepts with a few pictures of narrow seat belt webbing.

more info